Analytical method development and validation of acyclovir of different market brands by UV-Spectroscopy

Abstract

A study was conducted to develop a UV-spectrophotometric assay method for accurately determining the concentration of Acyclovir in both bulk and tablet formulations. Although previous methods existed for estimating Acyclovir in dosage forms, none of them were stability-indicating UV spectroscopic studies focused on a single dosage form.In this study, a simple, accurate, rapid, and cost-effective UV-spectrophotometric assay method was established. The stock solution was prepared using water as the solvent, and subsequent concentrations were prepared using the same solvent. Acyclovir was detected at a wavelength of 252nm, which was determined as its maximum absorption wavelength (λmax).The linearity of Acyclovir was observed in concentrations ranging from 1 to 7 μg/ml, with a high regression coefficient (r2) of 0.9987. The percentage of Acyclovir content in the API formulation was found to be 99.7016 ± 1.4996, indicating good accuracy. The method also demonstrated precision, as evidenced by the recovery studies, with recoveries close to 100% and a low relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 2.The inter-day precision for Acivir, Aciv, and Aclovir was determined to be 0.3382, 2.1933, and 2.7090, respectively. The intra-day variations were found to be 1.5207, 2.3961, and 1.2254 for Acivir, Aciv, and Aclovir, respectively. Accuracy was assessed by determining the values at 80%, 100%, and 120% of the expected concentrations. For Acivir, the accuracy values were 0.69627, 0.08166, and 0.41124 at 80%, 100%, and 120%, respectively. For Aciv, the values were 0.18316, 0.12809, and 0.19022, and for Aclovir, the values were 0.18149753, 0.16605322, and 0.19693346 at 80%, 100%, and 120%, respectively.The robustness of the method was evaluated by measuring the absorbance at different wavelengths. The robustness values for Acivir at wavelengths 252nm, 253nm, and 254nm were 2.98217216, 2.264530905, and 4.430021, respectively. For Aciv, the values were 3.5995176, 3.177528527, and 13.34564475, and for Aclovir, the values were 10.5995176, 5.634288012, and 8.09250084 at wavelengths 252nm, 253nm, and 254nm, respectively. These results indicate the sensitivity of the method to different wavelengths and highlight the importance of using the designated wavelength (252nm) for accurate measurements.