A Comprehensive Review on Sargassum plagiophyllum: A Versatile Marine Resource

Abstract

Sargassum plagiophyllum, a brown alga belonging to the Sargassaceae family, has emerged as a promising marine resource with diverse applications. This review delves into the multifaceted aspects of this alga, including its taxonomy, ecology, biochemical composition, and pharmacological properties. The alga thrives in intertidal and subtidal zones, exhibiting a unique morphology characterized by its holdfast, stem, branches, and leaves.S. plagiophyllum is a rich source of bioactive compounds, particularly polysaccharides like fucoidan and laminarin, and polyphenols such as phlorotannins. These compounds possess a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, anticoagulant, antiviral, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulatory effects. Recent studies have highlighted the anticancer potential of fucoidan extracted from S. plagiophyllum, which has been shown to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. Additionally, the alga's extracts have demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against various pathogens, including bacteria and fungi. Moreover, S. plagiophyllum-derived compounds have exhibited promising anti-dengue activity, suggesting their potential as therapeutic agents.In conclusion, S. plagiophyllum offers a wealth of opportunities for the development of novel drugs and functional foods. Further research is needed to fully explore its potential and to optimize its sustainable harvesting and utilization.