International Journal of Pharmacy and Analytical Research

A Review on: Dragon fruit- based herbal toothpaste

2025-10-13T14:29:52+00:00

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) is rich in fiber, vitamin C, antioxidants, and bioactive Compoundsthat contribute to oral health. The fiber content assists in mechanical cleaning by Binding to plaque and food debris, thereby preventing gum disease. Vitamin C acts as a Powerful antioxidantthat strengthens gum tissue and supports healing of the oral mucosa. Herbal toothpaste formulations containing dragon fruit, along with other natural ingredients, can help combat common oral problems such as dental caries, gingivitis, halitosis, calculus Formation, enamel erosion, and dentin hypersensitivity. These formulations are designed to Deliver maximum bioavailability of active constituents while providing effective cleaning. Polishing, and protection of teeth. Compared to chemical-based toothpastes, herbal Toothpastes offer similar or better efficacy with fewerside effects, making them a safer and Eco-friendly alternative for maintaining oral hygiene and promoting overall oral health.

Focus: Study the potential and role of dragon fruit in herbal toothpaste formulation.

Purpose: To review its properties, benefits, and formulation scope for improving oral hygiene and promoting natural dental care.

Molecular Docking Analysis of Novel JAK-2 Inhibitors for Therapy of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

2025-10-17T03:32:25+00:00

Background and Objectives: Januskinase-2 (JAK2) is an intracellular, non-receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the family of Janus kinase that also includes JAK1, JAK3 and TYK2.The recent discovery of JAK2's acquired point mutation V617F led to greater understanding its oncogenic role in Myeloproliferative tumors (MPN’S). At 617 position phenylalanine amino acid was replaced by valine due to mutation. Therefore, aiming abnormal JAK-2 to prevent its essential activation will be an optimistic alterative option in the treatment of Myeloproliferative tumors.

Methods: In this current study, using computational methods we have designed 114 novel Quinazoline JAK2 –inhibitors and evaluated them for interaction with the enzyme JAK2 through insilico analysis like prediction of pharmacokinetics & Molecular docking studies.

Results: Among the designed 114 novel Quinazoline JAK2 – inhibitors 98 compounds were shown good activity with better dock scores and good ADMET properties with no Lipinski rule violation.

Conclusion: Our present study concludes that the designed novel Quinazoline JAK2 –inhibitors are having potent anticancer activity.

Review on Antiasthamatic Herbs

2025-10-17T13:36:24+00:00

Asthma is a disease of the airways which is chronic in nature. The inflammation of the airways results in increased contractibility of the smooth muscles which are surrounding the airways. As a result of this, the airways are narrowed and finally it results in wheezing. The causes of asthma are both environmental and genetic. Epigenetic as well as the changes occurring in the environment cause asthma. Allergens, air pollution, high ozone levels, traffic pollution, cockroaches, dust mites, animal dander, mould and smoking are the factors that result in asthma. Asthma is essentially characterized by the restriction of obstruction tracheal muscle. Herbs are used as a natural remedy for the management of asthma. The treatment of asthma is mainly focused on the strengthening of the health of the lungs, nervous and immune systems. This generally requires long time therapy and more over the people has been realized serious adverse effects of the synthetic drugs which are used in the management of asthma. As a result, the world has started exploring the herbs as an agent of asthma therapy. Plants which are comparatively economical, easily available, and relatively free from the hazardous side effects are usually selected.

From ancient times, Ayurvedic science has explored, analysed and documented the medicinally important plants through assessment of their multiple modes of therapeutic action. Natural products have been an important resource for maintaining life for ages, as evident from Indian Ayurvedic literatures like Charak and Sushruta Samhita. Current synthetic drugs hold no promise incomplete healing of these disorders. In contrast to them, many target specific herbal alternatives have been recognized due to properties like bronchodilator, mast cell stabilization, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, immunomodulatory as well as inhibitory action on mediators of inflammation (leukotriene’s, cyclooxygenase, cytokines etc.)

RP-HPLC with UV- Detection Method Development for the Simultaneous Quantification of Gabaenetin and Nortriptyline in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form

2025-10-27T04:43:07+00:00

A Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection method is developed for the simultaneous quantification of Gabapenetin and Nortriptyline in bulk and in its combined tablet dosage form. The chromatographic separation was performed on YMC C8 column (150mm×4.6mmI.D 5 μm particle size) using isocratic elution.

The optimized mobile phase consists of 0.1% the orthophosphoric acid and methanol (60:40 v/v). The eluted analytes are monitored at 238 nm wavelength using a UV detector. The developed method separates Gabapenetin and Nortriptyline within a run time of 6 min. The developed method was validated as per International Conference of Harmonization guidelines with respect to linearity, sensitivity (limit of detection and limit of quantification), selectivity, accuracy, precision and robustness. Linearity was observed in concentration range of 200-600 µg/ml for Gabapenetin and 5-15 µg/ml for Nortriptyline. The LOD was found to be 0.672 and 0.0117μg/ml for Gabapenetin and Nortriptyline respectively. The LOQ was found to be 2.240 and 0.0390 μg/ml for Gabapenetin and Nortriptyline, respectively. The range of percentage recovery of Gabapenetin and Nortriptyline was found to be 100.49-100.75% and 100.35-100.51%, respectively. The % RSD values of precision study for Gabapenetin were found to be 0.227% and for Nortriptyline it was foundtobe0.347%. All the validation parameter values are within the acceptable range. The developed and validated method was successfully applied to the determination of Gabapenetin and Nortriptyline in combined pharmaceutical dosage form without any interference from the excipients with good recovery, precision and accuracy.

Method Development and Validation by RP-HPLC For Estimation of Acyclovir and Hydrocortisone in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

2025-10-27T04:47:42+00:00

A rapid and reliable Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Acyclovir and Hydrocortisone in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Waters HPLC system equipped with an auto sampler and PDA detector (Model 996), employing a Gemini C18 column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 µm) maintained at 30°C. The mobile phase consisted of Acetonitrile and Water in a 50:50 v/v ratio, with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Detection was carried out at 238 nm, with an injection volume of 10 µL and a total run time of 8 minutes. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines, demonstrating excellent linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, and robustness. The retention times of both drugs were distinct and interference-free. This method is efficient, economical, and well-suited for routine quality control and analysis of Acyclovir and Hydrocortisone in pharmaceutical preparations.

Estimation of Sitagliptin and Metformin by Using RP-HPLC

2025-10-27T04:53:11+00:00

The present study focuses on the development and validation of a simple, precise, and accurate Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the simultaneous estimation of Sitagliptin and Metformin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Waters HPLC system equipped with an autosampler and PDA detector (model 996), and an Altima C18 column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 µm) maintained at 35°C. The mobile phase consisted of Methanol and Acetonitrile in a 50:50 (v/v/v) ratio, delivered at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Detection was performed at 260 nm with an injection volume of 10 µL and a total run time of 14 minutes. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines, demonstrating excellent linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity for both Sitagliptin and Metformin. The method was successfully applied for the analysis of commercial tablet formulations without interference from excipients. This validated RP-HPLC method is suitable for routine quality control and analysis of Sitagliptin and Metformin in pharmaceutical preparations.

RP-HPLC Method and its Validation for Analysis of Ofloxacin and Satranidazole in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

2025-10-27T04:56:08+00:00

A simple, precise, and accurate Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Ofloxacin and Satranidazole in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Phenomenex Luna C18 column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 µm) with a mobile phase comprising Acetonitrile and Water (55:45 %v/v). The method employed a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, UV detection at 262 nm, an injection volume of 10 µL, and a run time of 7 minutes. The drugs showed well-resolved, symmetrical peaks with retention times of approximately 2.3 minutes for Ofloxacin and 4.5 minutes for Satranidazole, with no interference from excipients. The method was validated according to ICH Q2(R1) guidelines, demonstrating excellent linearity (R² > 0.999), accuracy (recovery between 98–102%), precision (RSD < 2%), and specificity. The method showed adequate sensitivity with low limits of detection and quantitation, and robustness was confirmed under slight variations in chromatographic conditions.

Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method Development and Validation for Estimation of Benazepril and Hydrochlorothiazide HCL in Pure and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

2025-10-27T05:00:41+00:00

A novel, accurate, and reproducible reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Benazepril and Hydrochlorothiazide HCl in pure form and pharmaceutical dosage formulations. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a Waters HPLC system equipped with an autosampler and PDA detector (996 model), on an Altima C18 column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 µm) maintained at 35°C. The optimized mobile phase consisted of Water: Methanol: Acetonitrile (25:65:10 v/v/v), delivered at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Detection was carried out at 265 nm, with an injection volume of 10 µL and a total run time of 14 minutes. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines, showing excellent linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, and robustness. The results confirmed that the proposed method is suitable for routine quality control analysis of Benazepril and Hydrochlorothiazide HCl in bulk and combined dosage forms.

Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus and Recent Advances in Its Treatment: An Integrative Review

2025-10-29T16:44:25+00:00

Diabetes mellitus is a multifaceted metabolic disorder with increasing global prevalence and significant health burden. It encompasses heterogeneous subtypes, including type 1, type 2, gestational, and secondary diabetes, each characterized by distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. Type 1 diabetes primarily arises from autoimmune β-cell destruction, whereas type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and chronic metabolic stress. Recent insights into molecular pathways, including oxidative stress, inflammation, lipotoxicity, and epigenetic modifications, have expanded our understanding of disease progression and complications. Therapeutic strategies have evolved beyond conventional insulin therapy and oral antidiabetic agents, incorporating incretin-based therapies, SGLT2 inhibitors, dual and triple receptor agonists, advanced insulin delivery systems, regenerative medicine, gene- and RNA-based approaches, and AI-assisted digital health interventions. Complementary adjuncts such as nutrigenomics, microbiome modulation, exercise mimetics, circadian alignment, antioxidants, and phytochemicals further enhance metabolic regulation and patient outcomes. Despite these advances, challenges remain in accessibility, cost, long-term safety, and clinical translation. The future of diabetes management lies in precision medicine, integrating molecular, genetic, and lifestyle insights to enable personalized and potentially curative therapies. This review highlights current understanding of diabetes pathophysiology, summarizes conventional and emerging treatments, and emphasizes integrative strategies for holistic disease management.

A Review article on Gymnema Sylvester (Gudmar)

2025-10-31T04:39:36+00:00

Gudmar, also referred to as Gymnema Sylvester Grows in topical forests in the parts of Africa, Central and Southern India. Gymnema Sylvester, an ayurvedic herb, become known as the destroyer of sugar because in ancient times, ayurvedic physician found That chewing a few leaves of Gymnema Sylvester lessened and sweetness of sugar. The plants leaves are frequently used in Indian Proprietary medication as a diuretics and to treat diabetes. The plant has been shown to have antihelmentic, anti-oxidant, antiobesity, Immunomodulatory, anti-microbial, diuretics, anti-inflammatory and digestive benefits. The numerous pharmacological actions and Applications of this plant are the primary focus of this review paper. Different parts of the plants including the root, stems and leaves Have been used as stimulants, laxative, diuretics, cardiotonics and uterine tonics in traditional medical system. The main purpose of the paper is to provide an overview of medicinal qualities of the Gudmar.

Preparation and characterisation of atorvastatin calcium loaded nanogel as topical gel-based formulation

2025-10-31T12:57:03+00:00

Atorvastatin calcium suffers from poor bioavailability due to its low water solubility and extensive first-pass metabolism. To overcome these limitations, Atorvastatin calcium nanogels were developed to enhance solubility, promote controlled drug release, and improve wound-healing efficacy through localized delivery. Nanocrystals were prepared using a 2³ factorial design via the solvent–antisolvent precipitation method, optimizing factors such as stabilizer (Pluronic F-127), solvent–antisolvent ratio, and stirring time. The optimized nanosuspension (F8) was incorporated into an aloe vera–carbopol gel to form a nanogel, which was evaluated for physicochemical and rheological properties, pH, moisture content, spreadability, stability, and permeability in an ex vivo model. The formulated nanogel exhibited clear appearance, smooth texture, and a pH of 6.5, ensuring skin compatibility without irritation. It demonstrated high viscosity (8500 cp), ensuring good adherence at the application site. Compared to the pure drug and conventional gel, the nanogel showed significantly higher saturation solubility and enhanced drug permeation, releasing 400 ± 18 µg/cm² over 24 hours versus 50 ± 8 µg/cm² for the control. Stability studies confirmed no notable changes after 90 days of storage. Overall, the Atorvastatin calcium nanogel exhibited sustained drug release, improved therapeutic performance, and superior patient compliance due to its non-greasy, transparent, and easily applicable nature.

PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC LOZENGES FROM GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE

2025-11-10T14:37:34+00:00

Gymnema sylvestre has the ability to lower glucose levels without causing hypoglycemia. The leaves of G. sylvestre are widely used in Indian proprietary medicines for the treatment of diabetes and as a diuretic, and in most of the country's herbal drug markets, the leaves are sold alongside the plant's aerial parts under the name Gurmarbuti. The leaves of G. sylvestre contain oleanane- and dammarene-class triterpene saponins. Oleanane saponins consist of gymnemic acids and gymnemasaponins, whereas dammarene saponins consist of gymnemasides. The leaves of G. sylvestre have been found to induce hypoglycemia in laboratory animals and to be useful in herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes in adults. Gymnema leaf extract has laxative, diuretic, and cough suppressant properties. Gymnema may be useful in both adult-onset (NIDDM) and juvenile-onset (IDDM) diabetes mellitus to facilitate insulin entry into cells.

FORMULATION AND EVALUARTION OF HARD CANDY LOZENGES INCARPORATING EMBELIN AND ANTHELMINTIC CLASS DRUG

2025-11-13T05:28:18+00:00

Lozenges are a common form of dosage widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to treat local problems of throat and oral cavity. Embelin is a naturally occurring para-benzoquinone isolated from dried berries of Embelia ribes plant. Embelin possesses wide spectrum of biological properties like anti-oxidant, anti- tumour, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anthelmintic, anti-fertility and anti-microbial activity. So, to achieve the anthelmintic property of Embelin and by masking its better taste, hard candy lozenges were formed.

A SMART APPROACH OF QUALITY BY DESIGN TOWARDS PHYTOREMEDIATION

2025-11-14T06:37:47+00:00

This review article addresses the inherent variability and lack of process control in phytoremediation, a promising green technology for water treatment. We propose a novel framework by applying the principles of Quality by Design (QbD), a systematic approach from the pharmaceutical industry, to a water hyacinth-based system. This framework defines the desired water quality as Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) and identifies Critical Process Parameters (CPPs), such as plant density, treatment duration and water pH, that must be actively controlled. By leveraging Process Analytical Technology (PAT) for real-time monitoring, this model transforms phytoremediation into a reliable, scalable, and reproducible engineering solution. The QbD approach ensures consistent performance, mitigates risks and provides a robust, data-driven strategy for achieving regulatory compliance.