IJPAR JOURNAL

Nanorobots in drug delivery system

2025-04-13T08:14:13+00:00

The nanorobotics is the technology of the creating machines or the robots at or close to a scale of the 10-9metres [nanometre] nanorobots. Nanotechnology can be defined as a description of activities at the level of atoms and molecules. The nanorobots will be used for maintaining and protecting the human body against pathogens. Benefits of robotic devices are controlled, Precise and site specific drug delivery capability. Nanomedicine is the branch of medicine that utilizes the science of nanotechnology in the preclusion and cure of various diseases using the nanoscale materials, such as biocompatible, nanoparticles and nanorobots for various applications including, diagnosis, delivery, sensory, or actuation purposes in a living organism nanorobots. It is specific targeted therapy, increasethe bioavailability and noninvasive technique. Recent times nanorobots having many applications in cancer treatment, surgery, heart attack and kidney disease.

Review on fentanyl: Mechanism and Pharmacology of fentanyl drug

2025-04-21T14:37:04+00:00

In this area, smaller quantities of Fentanyl were generally always given with one of a variety of IV hypnotics. The term neurolept anesthesia was essentially a combination of neuroleptic agents with inhalation anesthetics (fentanyl and higher doses of droperidol), with nitrous oxide and oxygen or not. This practice had become fairly common, first in the majority of western countries followed by the vast majority of Eastern European countries. The use of fentanyl in anesthesia became widely accepted with the publication of a paper in December 1969, in The New England Journal of Medicine, that described a study by Lowenstein et al. It wasn't long afterward that many randomized studies were performed over a 3-to-4-year period to assess high-dose morphine/oxygen anesthesia as a Technique For Critically Ill Patients Undergoing open heart surgery-and later major vascular surgery. Some of the increase use of this technique was attributed to remarkable stability of cardiovascular function in this group of critically ill patients.

Fentanyl is indicated for the management of breakthrough pain (which is brief occurrences of intense pain despite taking around-the-clock pain medication). It is only indicated for patients who are 18 years of age or older and are already on regularly scheduled doses of a narcotic (opiate) pain medication within the past seven days, who are tolerant to the effects of the narcotic pain medications. Fentanyl is a narcotic (opiate) analgesic, which is a type of medication that change the way the brain and nervous system respond to pain. Give it with your other pain medication(s). Do not discontinue your other pain medication(s) before or during your use of fentanyl.

Formulation And Characterization Of Bilayered Buccal Tablets Of Diacerein

2025-04-25T18:10:35+00:00

Buccoadhesive Bilayer buccal tablets of Diacerein were prepared by using Cashew nut tree gum, Xanthan gum and Karayagum as mucoadhesive polymers. Nine formulations were developed with varying concentrations of polymers F1 to F9 formulations were composed of Cashew nut tree gum, Xanthan gum and Karayagum in ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. The formulated mucoadhesive buccal tablets were assessed for quality attributes like weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, drug content, moisture absorption, surface pH and in vitro drug release studies. Optimized formulation F4 showed maximum release of the drug (99.59%). The FTIR results showed no evidence of interaction between the drug and polymers. All the evaluation parameters given the positive result and comply with the standards. The results indicated that the mucoadhesive buccal tablets of Diacerein may be good choice to bypass the extensive hepatic first pass metabolism with an improvement in bioavailability of Diacerein through buccal mucosa.

Microencapsulation of Probiotics for Targeted Oral Delivery: Advances, Applications, and Therapeutic Potential

2025-04-28T09:05:52+00:00

Microencapsulation of probiotics has revolutionized the landscape of functional foods and therapeutic delivery systems, particularly for gastrointestinal and systemic health. Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits to the host. However, their survival is compromised by the harsh gastrointestinal (GI) environment, which includes gastric acid, bile salts, and digestive enzymes. Microencapsulation provides a protective matrix that enhances probiotic viability, stability, and site-specific delivery within the GI tract. Encapsulation materials such as alginate, chitosan, and synthetic polymers are used to create microcapsules via methods like spray drying, extrusion, and emulsification. These systems allow controlled and sustained release, which is vital for managing chronic disorders like IBS and IBD. Furthermore, synbiotic formulations combining probiotics and prebiotics enhance colonization and efficacy. This thesis explores the materials, methods, and mechanisms used in probiotic microencapsulation and evaluates their functional applications, especially in targeted therapy and precision nutrition. It also discusses emerging trends in nanotechnology and smart delivery systems tailored to physiological triggers such as pH or enzymes. Finally, it highlights industrial and clinical implications, emphasizing the need for scalable and regulatory-compliant solutions for commercial deployment. The findings underscore microencapsulation’s role as a transformative tool for probiotic delivery and gut microbiota modulation.