International Journal of Pharmacy and Analytical Research

IMMUNOASSAYTECHNIQUES: PRINCIPLES, CLASSIFICATION, ADVANCEMENTS, AND APPLICATIONS—A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Tue, 06 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Immunoassay techniques are powerful analytical tools that exploit the high specificity of antigen–antibody interactions for qualitative and quantitative analysis of biological molecules. These techniques play a crucial role in clinical diagnostics, pharmaceutical analysis, biomedical research, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Over the years, immunoassays have evolved from classical radioimmunoassays to highly sensitive chemiluminescent, fluorescence-based, biosensor-coupled, and point-of-care systems. This review provides a comprehensive discussion on the principles, classification, working mechanisms, advantages, limitations, recent advancements, and applications of various immunoassay techniques, supported by updated scientific references.

Revolutionizing Healthcare: Embracing Robotics and AI for Enhanced Patient Care

Ausaf Butool, Asna Soha, Syeda Mariyam, Zainab Hussain, Anupama Koneru — Wed, 07 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This review enlightens the emerging role of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics in the healthcare field. AI works with an amalgamation of extensive amounts of data using quick and complex algorithms. This allows the software to promptly adapt the pattern of the data characteristics. The use of AI along with robotics in the healthcare sector has shown an astounding rising trend in the past decade. The progressive advancements in big data analytics, cloud computing and artificial intelligence have led to increased research and development of intelligent robots in all walks of human life. Functions like conducting routine checkups, assisting surgery, streamlining hospital logistics are some of the tasks that may be carried out with great efficiency with the use of artificial intelligence in hospitals across the globe. Major advantages of application of robotic and AI in surgeries include better visualization, enhanced dexterity, greater precision, safer working conditions, operational tasks organized to perfection, etc. The future of this remunerative industry is anticipating a great revolution, aiming to create intelligent machines that work like humans. The perspective of AI and robotics in the future for healthcare sector comprises the care of geriatric population, discovery of new drugs, diagnosis of fatal diseases, elevating the clinical trials, predicting epidemic outbreaks, etc. However, the permanence of using robotics in health services may be questionable in terms of disbursement, conventional mindset of people. Robotics and AI in surgery is still in its infancy and its niche has not yet been chiseled. The present article accentuates AI's ability to revolutionize surgeries and its role in shaping the future of healthcare. This article gives a vast overview of AI in medicine, dealing with the terms and concepts as well as the present and future applications of AI. It aims to enhance knowledge and acquaintanceship of AI among primary healthcare physicians.

A Review: Virtual Clinical Trials

Zainab Hussain, Farheen Fatima, Arfah Fatima, Ausaf Butool, Anupama Koneru — Wed, 07 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Virtual clinical trials allude to clinical trials that take advantage of digital technologies, including computer and mobile device apps, web-based tools, and remote monitoring devices, for one or more of the trial processes, such as participant recruitment, informed consent, counselling, measurement of endpoints, and adverse event monitoring, to prevent or lessen the need for participant visits to the trial site. The advantages of such trials may comprise higher recruitment rates, lower dropout rates, better compliance, reduction in time for trial completion, and lower costs. The use of such trials elevated multitudinous during the COVID-19 pandemic and is likely to continue in the future.

A Review on Method Development and Validation of Anticancer Drugs Pralsetanib and Azacitidine by Different Analytical Techniques

Tue, 20 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Pharmaceutical analysis is a broader term which can be defined in many ways. It is the series of processes that are used for identification, determination, separation, purification, and structure elucidation of the given compound used in the formulation of pharmaceutical products. Recent development in analytical methods has been resulted from the advancement of analytical instruments. The improvement of the analytical method development and analytical instruments like UV, HPLC, LC-MS, GC are required for reduced the time of analysis, increased precision and accuracy and reduced costs of analysis. Pralsetinib is a RET receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of metastatic RET-driven non-small cell lung cancer. Azacitidine is in a class of medications called demethylation agents. Azacitidine (5-azacytidine) is a chemical analogue of the cytosine nucleoside present in DNA and RNA. It induces antineoplastic activity by inhibiting DNA methyl transferase at low doses and inducing cytotoxicity by incorporating itself into RNA and DNA at high doses.

The Therapeutic Prospects of Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet: An Integrative Review of Pharmacology and Physicochemical Properties

Sat, 24 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet, also known as Indian Mallow, is a key component of traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani. This integrative review combines current pharmacological evidence and physicochemical data to assess therapeutic potential and set quality control standards. Preclinical research reveals a diverse pharmacological profile, including significant hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antidiabetic properties. notably, the plant has specialized properties such as wound healing through collagen synthesis, anti-asthmatic effects through mast cell stabilization, and strong larvicidal action against major mosquito vectors. flavonoids, alkaloids, and beta-sitosterol are among the bioactive secondary metabolites that contribute to these activities. furthermore, this review compiles key physicochemical parameters such as extractive values and ash content from various plant parts to aid in the standardization of herbal formulations. While A. indicum remains a promising candidate for evidence-based phytopharmaceuticals, the transition from bench to bedside necessitates extensive clinical trials to ensure human safety and efficacy.