International Journal of Pharmacy and Analytical Research

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Activity of Moringa Oleifera and Plectranthus Amboinicus Leaves Against Oxidative Stress- Induced Neurodegeneration

2026-04-06T05:21:48+00:00

Neurodegenerative disorders are closely linked to oxidative stress, which causes damage to nerve cells and leads to memory and cognitive problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of Moringa oleifera and Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract using in-vitro cell models. Fresh Moringa oleifera and Plectranthus amboinicus leaves were collected, authenticated, and extracted using the Soxhlet method, which produced a yield of 25.3%. The antioxidant activity of the extract was tested using DPPH and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays. The results showed that the extract scavenged free radicals in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC₅₀ values were found to be 87.31 µg/ml for the DPPH assay and 49.78 µg/ml for the hydrogen peroxide assay, indicating good antioxidant potential. Cell viability was studied using the MTT assay on Neuro-2A cells. The results confirmed that the extract was non-toxic at lower concentrations, demonstrating good cytocompatibility with neuronal cells. The neuroprotective effect of the extract was further supported by significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity, suggesting a role in improving neurotransmitter function. In addition, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay showed that treatment with the extract significantly reduced intracellular ROS levels in hydrogen peroxide-treated cells, confirming its protective effect against oxidative stress. Overall, the study indicates that Moringa oleifera and Plectranthus amboinicus extract are a rich source of natural bioactive compounds with strong antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. Future studies should focus on identifying the active phytochemicals, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved, and confirming these effects using in-vivo animal models. This may help in the development of plant-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.

Development of Dermal Cream for the Treatment of Vitiligo and Study Their Efficiency by in-Vitro Assay Methods

2026-04-06T05:28:51+00:00

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a Nigella sativa (NS) dermal cream for its anti-inflammatory potential and safety in topical applications. NS seeds were collected, ground, and subjected to hydrothermal extraction. The filtered extract was concentrated at 100 °C and used to formulate a sterile dermal cream, which was stored under refrigeration for further analysis. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the albumin denaturation assay, showing a clear concentration-dependent effect, with the highest inhibition of 68% at 500 µg/ml and an IC50 value of 71.02 µg/ml. Protease inhibition assays further demonstrated moderate inhibitory activity (IC50 = 90.38 µg/ml), indicating potential to protect skin proteins and tissues from inflammatory damage. The cream exhibited a pH of 6, within the ideal range for dermal formulations, and no irritation or adverse effects were observed during skin testing. Solubility studies revealed partial solubility in ethanol and chloroform, providing insights for formulation optimization. Collectively, these findings suggest that NS dermal cream is a safe, effective, and biocompatible natural formulation with anti-inflammatory and protease-inhibitory properties. This cream holds promise as a complementary therapeutic approach for inflammatory skin conditions, including vitiligo, and warrants further clinical evaluation to explore its efficacy, dosing, and potential synergy with conventional treatments.

Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery System

2026-04-09T11:32:05+00:00

The traditional administration of therapeutic compounds is frequently hindered by poor solubility, rapid systemic clearance, and non-specific biodistribution, leading to suboptimal therapeutic outcomes and significant off-target toxicities. This project explores the transition from conventional dosage forms to Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) as a transformative solution to these pharmacological challenges. By engineering carriers at the 1–1000 nm scale—including Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs), polymeric nanospheres, and inorganic matrices—it is possible to protect sensitive "cargo" from enzymatic degradation while enhancing the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs. This study examines the core mechanisms of passive targeting via the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect and active targeting through surface functionalization with specific ligands. Key strategies such as PEGylation are discussed as a means to evade the Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPS) and extend biological half-life. While challenges regarding long-term nanotoxicity and manufacturing scalability remain, the integration of nanotechnology into drug delivery facilitates a shift toward personalized, stimuli-responsive medicine. Ultimately, this report concludes that nanoparticle-based systems represent a vital milestone in modern pharmaceutics, offering a high-precision platform for treating complex diseases with improved safety and efficacy.

Formulation and Evaluation of Euphorbia Hirat Based on Herbal Ointment to Treat Wart

2026-04-11T05:58:37+00:00

Warts are benign skin growths caused by infection with the Human papillomavirus (HPV), which leads to excessive keratin formation in the epidermis. The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate an herbal ointment containing Euphorbia hirta leaf extract for its keratolytic activity. The ointment was prepared using the fusion method and evaluated for its physicochemical properties, hemolytic assay, and keratin degradation ability. The formulation showed acceptable physical characteristics, good spread ability, and was found to be non-irritant and suitable for topical application. The results suggest that the Euphorbia hirta herbal ointment may be beneficial in the management of hyperkeratotic skin conditions such as warts.

Formulation and Characterization of Phythosomal Topical Gel of Mimosapudica.Linn

2026-04-17T06:26:49+00:00

The core objective of the present study was to formulate and characterize Mimosapudica topical phytosomal gel. Mimosapudica is an important traditional medicinal plant. Some investigations reported that it showed the antimicrobial and wound healing activity. Phytosomes are vesicular drug delivery system which has proved to be beneficial in providing good absorption and better bioavailability over the herbal conventional extracts. The phytosomes were formulated using Mimosapudica extract. The formulated phytosomes were characterized using various methods like entrapment efficiency, percentage yield, stability studies, drug content, in-vitro drug diffusion studies, anti-microbial activity and SEM. The topical phytosomal gel of Mimosapudica was prepared. The formulated gel was evaluated pH, Spreadability, Extrudability, Drug content, in vitro drug diffusion study and drug release kinetics. The stability studies were carried out as per ICH guidelines. The prepared phytosomal gel was safe, convenient, and efficient and also showed better penetration into the skin. Thus, it can be concluded that the topical phytosomal gel may serve as promising dosage form in the treatment of microbial effect.