Medicinal and Therapeutic Potential of Citrullus Lanatus (Watermelon) Fruit and Seeds: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) is a widely consumed fruit valued for its nutritional, hydrating, and medicinal properties. Beyond its traditional use as a refreshing food, watermelon has gained scientific attention due to the presence of bioactive compounds such as lycopene, citrulline, phenolic, flavonoids, and essential fatty acids. Both the edible pulp and seeds exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardio protective, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and nephroprotective effects. This review consolidates current knowledge on the phytochemical composition, nutritional profile, traditional uses, and therapeutic potential of watermelon fruit and seeds. The available experimental and clinical evidence supporting its health benefits is critically discussed, along with safety aspects and future research directions. The findings suggest that C. lanatus may serve as a valuable functional food and a potential source of nutraceuticals.