Floating Drug Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Formulation Strategies and Applications

Abstract

Floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) have garnered significant attention in pharmaceutical research due to their ability to improve drug bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. This comprehensive review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the formulation strategies and applications of floating drug delivery systems.The review commences by discussing the physiological basis of gastric retention, highlighting the importance of FDDS in achieving prolonged residence time within the stomach. It explores the factors affecting gastric emptying and their impact on FDDS performance. Various approaches for formulating buoyant drug delivery systems, including single-unit and multiple-unit systems, are elucidated along with their respective advantages and limitations.Furthermore, the review delves into the diverse range of polymers, gelling agents, and gas-generating agents employed in FDDS formulation. Special emphasis is placed on recent advancements in material science and their contribution to enhancing the floating properties, drug release kinetics, and overall performance of these systems. Additionally, the integration of innovative technologies such as microbubbles, magnetic particles, and mucoadhesive polymers is explored for their potential to further optimize FDDS functionality.The applications of FDDS go beyond improving drug delivery to include therapeutic areas such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcers, motion sickness, and local gastric treatment. The review highlights the clinical significance of FDDS in these contexts, shedding light on recent clinical trials and outcomes.In conclusion, this review underscores the profound impact of floating drug delivery systems on pharmaceutical research and patient care. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the formulation strategies, materials, and applications associated with FDDS, paving the way for continued innovation in drug delivery and therapeutic effectiveness.