Integrative Cladistic, Morphological Traits, and Anatomical Profiling of Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. Leaves: A Comprehensive Study

Abstract

This study investigates the pharmacognostic characteristics of Averrhoa bilimbi leaves, encompassing macro and microscopic examinations, quantitative microscopy, and physicochemical analyses. Fresh and dried leaves were subjected to macroscopic evaluation to document their morphological features. Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of various cellular structures, including stomata, trichomes, and vascular bundles, which were examined in detail. Quantitative microscopy provided stomatal density, and other pertinent parameters, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the leaf’s anatomical traits. Additionally, physicochemical studies assessed parameters such as moisture content, ash value, extractive value, and flow properties of leaf powder ensuring a thorough characterization of the leaf material. The findings underscore the significance of Averrhoa bilimbi leaves in traditional medicine and their potential as a source of bioactive compounds, paving the way for further pharmacological research.