Anisomeles malabarica Leaves: Revisiting Pharmacognostic Features and Taxonomic Paradigms

Abstract

This study investigates the pharmacognostic and phytochemical properties of Anisomeles malabarica, a medicinal plant from the Lamiaceae family. A comprehensive analysis was performed, encompassing macroscopic, microscopic, and numerical taxonomic studies. The anatomical observations revealed distinctive traits such as unicellular trichomes, collenchymatous and parenchymatous ground tissue, and vascular bundles with concentric arrangements. Quantitative microscopy parameters, including stomatal index and vein islet number, were documented. Physiochemical analyses showed values within Ayurvedic pharmacopeia standards, ensuring the plant's purity and quality. The presence of essential inorganic elements like calcium, potassium, and iron was confirmed, with no detection of toxic heavy metals, underscoring its safety for medicinal use. DNA barcoding validated the species identity, enhancing its taxonomic classification. These findings highlight A. malabarica's potential for therapeutic applications and its importance in pharmacognostic standardization.